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Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
Published on: July 20, 2021
Analysis of Membrane Transport Equations for Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) Using Irreversible Thermodynamics
Wojciech Kujawski1,2, Andriy Yaroshchuk3, Emiliy Zholkovskiy4
1Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
Abstract:
Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an electro-membrane process for the conversion of mixing energy into electricity. One important problem researchers' face when modeling the RED process is the choice of the proper membrane transport equations. In this study, using experimental data that describe the membrane Nafion 120 in contact with NaCl aqueous solutions, the linear transport equation of irreversible thermodynamics was applied to calculate the power density of the RED system. Various simplifying assumptions about transport equation (i.e., four-, three-, and two-coefficients approaches) are proposed and discussed. We found that the two-coefficients approach, using the membrane conductivity and the apparent transport number of ions, describes the power density with good accuracy. In addition, the influence of the membrane thickness and the concentration polarization on the power density is also demonstrated.
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