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Ceramic TiO₂ Membrane Modification by Coal Fly Ash (CFA) Particles.

Saidulla Faizullayev¹, Akbota Adilbekova¹, Joanna Kujawa²

¹Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan.

|May 26, 2026

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Coal fly ash modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) ceramic membranes enhance oil-in-water emulsion separation. This sustainable approach utilizes industrial waste for effective wastewater treatment.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Engineering
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Commercial TiO2 ceramic membranes are crucial for water treatment.
Wastewater treatment, particularly oil-in-water emulsions, presents significant challenges.
Industrial byproducts like coal fly ash (CFA) offer potential for material modification.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the surface properties of TiO2 ceramic membranes for improved oil-in-water emulsion separation.
To investigate the use of coal fly ash (CFA) as a modifying agent.
To assess the structural integrity and performance of the modified membranes.

Main Methods:

Slip-casting of CFA suspension onto TiO2 membranes.
Stabilization of CFA suspension using N-dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).

Keywords:

coal fly ash membrane modification membrane separation oil-in-water emulsion titania membrane

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Characterization using SEM-EDX, Raman spectroscopy, contact angle, and zeta potential analysis.

Main Results:

Modified membranes showed increased hydrophilicity (water contact angle reduced to ~0°).
Raman spectroscopy confirmed the TiO2 structure remained predominantly rutile.
Filtrates showed smaller oil droplet sizes, indicating enhanced emulsion stability.

Conclusions:

CFA-modified TiO2 membranes offer a sustainable and cost-effective solution for emulsified wastewater treatment.
The modification improves membrane surface properties for separation tasks.
Industrial waste utilization in membrane technology is demonstrated as viable.