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Related Experiment Video

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Chronic Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Intracortical Recording in Rats
10:51

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CLoSES: A platform for closed-loop intracranial stimulation in humans.

Rina Zelmann1, Angelique C Paulk1, Ishita Basu2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Neuroimage
|September 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We developed a Closed-Loop System for Electrical Stimulation (CLoSES) to personalize brain stimulation therapies. This system optimizes neuromodulation by detecting neural features and triggering stimulation in real-time for research and clinical applications.

Keywords:
Closed-loopDirect electrical stimulationNeuromodulationintracranial EEG

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 10, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Invasive brain stimulation is a key tool for research and therapy.
  • Current methods primarily use open-loop approaches, limiting personalization.
  • Closed-loop systems offer optimized, neurally informed stimulation but face implementation challenges due to inter-individual variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust and flexible platform for closed-loop brain stimulation research and therapy.
  • To create a system that integrates seamlessly with clinical setups and ensures safety.
  • To investigate the potential of closed-loop stimulation for real-time neural feature detection and cognitive state modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Closed-Loop System for Electrical Stimulation (CLoSES).
  • Acquired and processed intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals to compute local and network neural features.
  • Implemented a decision algorithm to trigger electrical stimulation based on detected neural features and an encoder/decoder model for cognitive state estimation.

Main Results:

  • CLoSES successfully detected neural features like sleep spindles and epileptic activity in near real-time.
  • Demonstrated closed-loop stimulation's ability to modify cognitive states on a trial-by-trial basis in patients.
  • Characterized system latency, showing tens of milliseconds for epileptic activity and hundreds for spindle detection.

Conclusions:

  • CLoSES provides a flexible platform for human closed-loop experimental paradigms.
  • The system enables real-time detection and stimulation, offering insights into neural dynamics and brain states.
  • This technology facilitates the development of patient-specific stimulation targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders.