Analysis of driving forces on wetland ecosystem services value change: A case in Northeast China

Social development and changes in natural conditions have seriously affected the ecosystem services value (ESV) of wetlands. It is important for social sustainable development and human welfare to identify and evaluate the driving factors that lead to changes in ESVs. Based on the land use data of Northeast China (NEC) from 1980 to 2015, the Emergy method and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition analysis (LMDI) was applied to calculate the main ESVs of wetlands and clarify the contributions of different driving factors to ESVs changes. The results showed that the value of provision services (ESV_p) and cultural services (ESV_c) increased significantly, while the value of regulation services (ESV_r) and supporting services (ESV_s) decreased. Overall, the ESV of wetlands increased by 7.31 × 10²² solar emjoules (sej), with a growth rate of 127.73%. The most obvious factors driving ESV changes were the wetland supporting factor (△GA), per capita GDP factor (△PG), and protection investment factor (△T). The combined average contribution weight of the three factors was above 50%. From the perspective of driving force category, social-economic development effect had the greatest impact on ESVs, with average contribution weights ranging from 45.18% to 54.59%, followed by human activity effect, average contribution weights ranging from 33.45% to 40.14%, and the influence of natural factor effect was relatively small. The research results would provide a reference for protecting and improving the ESV of the wetland ecosystem.