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Catamenial Hyperpigmentation: A Review.

Pezhman Mobasher1,2, Delila Pouldar Foulad1,2, Jodie Raffi1,2

  • 1Drs. Mobasher, Foulad, Juhasz, Mesinkovska, Ms. Raffi, Mr. Zachary, and Mr. Fackler are with the Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine in Irvine, California.

The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Catamenial hyperpigmentation, skin darkening linked to menstrual cycles, is most commonly melasma. Estrogen plays a key role in these hormone-induced pigmentation changes.

Keywords:
Catamenial hyperpigmentationmelasmapostinflammatory hyperpigmentationultraviolet sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Menstrual cycle hormonal fluctuations, specifically estrogen and progesterone, are linked to changes in skin pigmentation, termed catamenial hyperpigmentation.
  • Existing research indicates a connection between hormonal shifts during menstruation and alterations in skin tone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize existing literature on catamenial hyperpigmentation.
  • To investigate menses-induced exacerbations of various skin pigmentation disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Skin database.
  • Utilized search terms including "menses," "pigment," "estrogen," "progesterone," and "hyperpigmentation."
  • Assessed relevant studies focusing on skin conditions associated with nonpathological menstruation.

Main Results:

  • Melasma is the most frequently reported chronic skin pigmentation disorder exacerbated by menstruation.
  • Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) following laser therapy and increased ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity are common primary catamenial hyperpigmentation disorders.
  • The evidence base for catamenial hyperpigmentation is limited, primarily consisting of lower-level evidence studies.

Conclusions:

  • Melasma is identified as the most prevalent form of catamenial hyperpigmentation.
  • Increased risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) after laser treatments and heightened UV sensitivity are noted.
  • Estrogen and progesterone significantly influence skin hyperpigmentation, with estrogen appearing to have a more dominant role, particularly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.