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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse presenting as retinal vasculitis.

Imen Ksiaa¹, Melek Kechida², Sourour Zina¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital University of Monastir Monastir Tunisia.

Clinical Case Reports

|September 5, 2020

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Retinal vasculitis can be an early sign of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse, appearing before central nervous system involvement. Early eye and brain exams are crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment to preserve vision and life.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Hematology
Oncology

Background:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
Relapse in ALL can manifest in various ways, sometimes preceding overt systemic or neurological signs.

Observation:

Retinal vasculitis, inflammation of blood vessels in the retina, was observed as an isolated manifestation.
This ocular finding occurred in the context of ALL relapse.

Findings:

Retinal vasculitis can precede central nervous system (CNS) involvement in ALL relapse.
It may serve as an early indicator of disease recurrence.

Implications:

A high index of suspicion for retinal vasculitis in patients with ALL is warranted.

Keywords:

acute medicine emergency medicine hematology ophthalmology

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Repeated ocular and neurological evaluations are essential for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.

Early detection and intervention can help preserve both sight and life.