[Understanding through qualitative methods - the contribution of interpretative social research to health reporting]

Health reporting normally uses quantitative data collected in a standardized manner. The use of qualitative data, using the methods of qualitative social research, is generally the exception. The present article would like to illustrate the potential benefits of using qualitative methods in health reporting. The focus is on the following questions: What characterizes qualitative methods, what is their theoretical and methodological basis, and what specific contribution can they make in health reporting?Qualitative research is based on the assumption that people generally act on the basis of subjective meanings they attach to objects in their environment and to the action of other people. Qualitative methods often provide better possibilities to investigate these subjective perspectives and action orientations than standardized procedures. Due to their methodological particularities, qualitative methods are suitable for the exploration of health-relevant perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. The results could help to improve the appropriateness of prevention programs; they can also be the starting point for further quantitative research to test hypotheses.The openness that characterizes qualitative methods presupposes sufficient expertise, but beyond this, accurateness and a rule-governed procedure are necessary, as in quantitative research. Added to this is transparency; the data have to be precisely documented and the analytic method disclosed. Even the results of qualitative research must stand up to critical appraisal.