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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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ISCHEMIA trial - Failed intervention or failed stratification?

Matthew J Budoff1

  • 1Lundquist Institute, 1124 W Carson Street, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography
|September 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying vulnerable patients with stable ischemic heart disease is challenging. Atherosclerotic plaque burden, indicated by coronary artery calcium (CAC), is a key predictor of acute coronary events.

Keywords:
CT angiographyCardiac CTFunctional testingOutcomesRandomized trial

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Stable ischemic heart disease treatment lacks methods to identify patients at high risk for acute coronary events.
  • Current imaging can detect rupture-prone plaques, but most ruptures do not lead to clinical events.
  • CT Angiogram (CTA) identified high-risk plaques, yet atherosclerotic burden confounded predictions of acute coronary events (ACS).

Discussion:

  • Total atherosclerotic plaque burden is increasingly recognized as a primary determinant of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Coronary artery calcium (CAC) serves as a precise surrogate marker for overall coronary atherosclerosis.
  • Higher plaque burden correlates with increased likelihood of plaque rupture, thrombosis, and subsequent clinical events.

Key Insights:

  • Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is the most potent single cardiovascular risk marker in asymptomatic individuals.
  • Assessing total atherosclerotic burden is crucial for predicting acute coronary events in patients with heart disease.
  • Vulnerable plaque identification remains a challenge, emphasizing the importance of plaque burden assessment.

Outlook:

  • Further research into integrating CAC scoring into risk stratification protocols for ischemic heart disease.
  • Development of advanced imaging techniques to better characterize plaque vulnerability beyond mere burden.
  • Personalized treatment strategies based on comprehensive assessment of atherosclerotic plaque burden and vulnerability.