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Both HIV and Tat expression decrease prepulse inhibition with further impairment by methamphetamine.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and methamphetamine (METH) use impair sensorimotor gating. Combined HIV and METH dependence may additively affect early information processing in humans, impacting cognitive function.

Keywords:
HIVMethamphetaminePrepulse inhibitionSensorimotor gating

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurovirology
  • Psychopharmacology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and methamphetamine (METH) use are frequently comorbid, significantly impacting brain function.
  • Sensorimotor gating, a pre-conscious sensory filtering mechanism, is crucial for higher cognitive processes and can be impaired by both HIV and METH.
  • Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a standard measure for sensorimotor gating, enabling cross-species translational research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of HIV and METH on sensorimotor gating (PPI) across species.
  • To assess METH's impact on PPI in an inducible Tat (iTat) mouse model of HIV.
  • To evaluate PPI in individuals with HIV, with and without a history of METH dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-species study utilizing an iTat mouse model and human participants.
  • PPI measurement in mice before, during, and after chronic METH treatment and Tat induction.
  • PPI assessment in humans with HIV, comparing those with and without METH dependence.

Main Results:

  • Chronic METH decreased PPI in male mice; Tat induction also decreased PPI in male mice.
  • PPI normalized in mice upon METH cessation; no interaction between METH and Tat was observed in mice.
  • HIV was associated with decreased PPI in both sexes; individuals with HIV and METH dependence exhibited the lowest PPI.

Conclusions:

  • HIV and METH independently impair sensorimotor gating in mice and humans.
  • In humans, HIV and METH dependence appear to additively impair early information processing.
  • These impairments in sensorimotor gating may have downstream consequences for cognitive function in individuals with HIV and METH use history.