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Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets
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Strain Sensing Based on Multiscale Composite Materials Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets

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Recent Progress in Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites.

Xianxian Sun1,2, Chuanjin Huang3, Lidong Wang4

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 7, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene nanocomposites offer unique properties due to graphene

Keywords:
electrical conductiongraphene/polymer nanocompositesphotothermal conversionstrengthening and tougheningthermal transportation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanocomposites, materials with nanoscale components, exhibit unique properties.
  • Graphene, with its exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics, is an ideal filler for advanced nanocomposites.
  • The 2D structure of graphene enables tailored anisotropic properties in nanocomposites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in graphene/polymer nanocomposites.
  • To analyze the impact of graphene configuration (layer number, defects, size) on nanocomposite properties.
  • To explore interfacial interactions and graphene distribution effects on nanocomposite performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of graphene configuration's influence on intrinsic and composite properties.
  • Exploration of graphene-polymer interfacial interactions.
  • Discussion of graphene distribution within the polymer matrix.

Main Results:

  • Graphene's properties significantly influence nanocomposite strengthening, toughening, electrical conductivity, thermal transport, and photothermal conversion.
  • Graphene configuration, interfacial interactions, and distribution are critical factors determining nanocomposite properties.
  • Anisotropic features of graphene can be leveraged for property tailoring.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene/polymer nanocomposites offer tunable properties for various applications.
  • Understanding graphene's structural and interfacial characteristics is key to optimizing nanocomposite performance.
  • Addressing current challenges will guide future development of high-performance graphene/polymer nanocomposites.