Epidemiology of anemia

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Hematology
• Public Health

Background:

• Anemia is a prevalent global health issue, with iron deficiency anemia being the fifth most common disorder.
• Prevalence increases with age, posing significant challenges due to demographic shifts and population aging.
• Elderly populations exhibit higher anemia rates: 17% mean, 47% in nursing homes, and 40% in hospitalized patients.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the high prevalence of anemia in the elderly and its multifactorial causes.
• To emphasize the increased prevalence and negative impact of preoperative anemia on surgical outcomes.
• To advocate for timely identification and correction of anemia as a multidisciplinary responsibility.

Main Methods:

• Review of global anemia prevalence data, including age-specific and setting-specific statistics.
• Analysis of the impact of anemia on postoperative morbidity and mortality.
• Discussion of the role of Patient Blood Management programs in addressing anemia.

Main Results:

• Anemia prevalence rises with age, with significantly elevated rates in institutionalized and hospitalized elderly individuals.
• Preoperative anemia affects 35% of surgical patients, correlating with poorer postoperative outcomes.
• Anemia in the elderly is often multifactorial, exacerbated by comorbidities.

Conclusions:

• Anemia is a critical concern in aging populations and perioperative settings.
• Multidisciplinary approaches, including Patient Blood Management, are essential for effective anemia management.
• Addressing anemia can improve patient longevity and surgical outcomes.