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Related Concept Videos

Humanistic Therapy01:24

Humanistic Therapy

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Humanistic therapies emphasize personal growth, self-understanding, and the fulfillment of human potential. Rooted in the belief that individuals inherently strive toward self-actualization, these approaches encourage clients to explore their feelings and experiences in a supportive, nonjudgmental environment. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic approaches by focusing on conscious experiences, present circumstances, and the potential for self-improvement rather than past conflicts...
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Psychodynamic Therapy01:29

Psychodynamic Therapy

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Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
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Psychotherapy01:28

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Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Group Therapy01:26

Group Therapy

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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Family Therapy01:30

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Family therapy conceptualizes psychological challenges as arising from dysfunctional interactions within the family unit, rather than as isolated issues within individuals. This approach seeks to address and transform the patterns of communication, roles, and relationships within families to promote healthier dynamics and emotional well-being for all members.
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Gold-based therapy: From past to present.

Alice Balfourier1, Jelena Kolosnjaj-Tabi2, Nathalie Luciani1

  • 1Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris 75205 Cedex 13, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic gold salts, used for rheumatoid arthritis, offer insights into gold nanoparticle (AuNP) metabolism and toxicity. This review suggests using gold salts as a shortcut to predict long-term AuNP effects and proposes light-induced AuNP synthesis.

Keywords:
drug repurposinggold nanoparticlesnanomedicinenanotoxicitytherapeutic gold salts

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show limited clinical translation despite extensive research.
  • Ionic gold (gold salts) has a long history of therapeutic use, particularly for rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Decades of clinical use provide valuable insights into gold salt pharmacokinetics and adverse effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on therapeutic gold salts, including their pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and adverse reactions.
  • To explore the potential of gold salts as a predictive model for gold nanoparticle (AuNP) long-term effects and toxicity.
  • To propose novel strategies for AuNP synthesis inspired by gold salt properties.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of therapeutic gold salts.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic, therapeutic, and adverse effect data for gold salts.
  • Hypothesis generation based on comparative metabolism and observed side effects of gold salts.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a shared metabolic pathway between gold nanoparticles and gold ions.
  • Gold salts can serve as a "shortcut" to evaluate the long-term fate and toxicity of gold nanoparticles.
  • A side effect of gold salts (blue skin discoloration) suggests a method for light-induced biosynthesis of large gold nanoparticles from gold salts.

Conclusions:

  • Repurposing knowledge of gold salts can accelerate the clinical development of gold nanoparticles.
  • Gold salts offer a valuable tool for predicting the long-term biological impact of gold nanoparticles.
  • Novel therapeutic and synthetic strategies for gold-based nanomaterials can be derived from historical gold salt data.