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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
Published on: January 13, 2023
Zequn Shen1, Feifei Chen1, Xiangyang Zhu1
1Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. guguoying@sjtu.edu.cn and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
This review explores stimuli-responsive functional materials for soft robotics, detailing their properties, mechanisms, and applications in actuation and sensing for advanced robotic systems.
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