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Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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A Carbocationic Triarylmethane-Based Porous Covalent Organic Network.

Sunny K S Freitas1, Felipe L Oliveira1, Thiago C Dos Santos2

  • 1Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT, A-622, Cid. Univ., 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new carbocationic covalent organic network, RIO-70, was synthesized for carbon capture. This material exhibits high CO2 uptake and semiconductor properties, enhanced by iodine vapor exposure.

Keywords:
carbocationcovalent organic networkdyeporous materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Covalent organic networks (CONs) are advanced porous materials with tunable properties.
  • Developing stable and functional CONs is crucial for applications like gas storage and electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a thermally stable carbocationic covalent organic network (CON) named RIO-70.
  • To investigate its potential for CO2 capture and its semiconductor properties.

Main Methods:

  • Solvothermal synthesis using pararosaniline hydrochloride and triformylphloroglucinol.
  • Characterization of surface area, pore size, CO2 uptake, and electrical conductivity.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for theoretical support.

Main Results:

  • RIO-70 demonstrated a high surface area (990 m²/g) and specific pore size (10.3 Å).
  • Significant CO2 uptake capacities were observed, reaching 6.8 mmol/g at 20 bar.
  • The material exhibits semiconductor behavior, with conductivity enhanced by iodine vapor (from 3.17×10⁻⁷ to 5.26×10⁻⁴ S/cm).

Conclusions:

  • RIO-70 is a promising thermally stable carbocationic CON for CO2 capture.
  • Its semiconductor properties and conductivity modulation offer potential for electronic applications.