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PPR control program in Nepal: What next?

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Summary
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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) remains endemic in Nepal despite control programs. This review analyzes factors hindering PPR control and proposes context-specific strategies for effective disease management in sheep and goats.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Animal Health Management
  • Trans-boundary Animal Diseases

Background:

  • Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a significant trans-boundary animal disease affecting sheep and goats.
  • Nepal has a history of PPR outbreaks, which have become endemic despite control efforts.
  • Existing national PPR control programs and guidelines have faced challenges in achieving expected effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically analyze the effectiveness of past and current PPR control programs in Nepal.
  • To identify multifactorial reasons impeding the success of PPR control activities.
  • To propose enhanced, contextually relevant strategies for PPR management in Nepal.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and policy documents related to PPR control in Nepal.
  • Analysis of geopolitical, social, and cultural factors influencing disease control program implementation.
  • Synthesis of findings to suggest improved strategies for PPR management.

Main Results:

  • National PPR control programs implemented in Nepal have not fully eradicated the disease.
  • Several factors, including geopolitical, social, and cultural aspects, have hindered program effectiveness.
  • PPR continues to be an endemic threat to small ruminant populations in Nepal.

Conclusions:

  • A critical reassessment of PPR control strategies is necessary for Nepal.
  • Future PPR control efforts must integrate geopolitical, social, and cultural considerations for enhanced efficacy.
  • Tailored strategies are essential to effectively manage endemic PPR in Nepal's livestock sector.