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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

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Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Transitions and Instabilities in Imperfect Ion-Selective Membranes.

Jarrod Schiffbauer1, Evgeny Demekhin2,3,4, Georgy Ganchenko3

  • 1Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO 81501, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study numerically investigates ion-selective membrane behavior, revealing that imperfect membranes with high electrolyte concentrations can transition directly to overlimiting currents, influenced by fluid flow dynamics.

Keywords:
Darcy-Brinkman approachelectroconvectionelectrokinetic instabilityion-selective surface

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Membrane Science

Background:

  • Ion-selective membranes are crucial in various electrochemical applications.
  • Understanding current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, including limiting and overlimiting regimes, is essential for optimizing membrane performance.
  • Fluid flow and membrane properties significantly impact ion transport phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate current modes and transitions in ion-selective membranes under fluid flow.
  • To analyze the influence of membrane properties (fixed charge density) and electrolyte concentration on current regimes.
  • To explore the electrokinetic instability leading to overlimiting currents.

Main Methods:

  • A three-layer composite model (electrolyte-membrane-electrolyte) was employed.
  • The Nernst-Planck-Poisson-Stokes system for electrolytes and the Darcy-Brinkman approach for the membrane were utilized.
  • Quasi-spectral methods with Chebyshev polynomials resolved thin Debye and Darcy layers; linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations were performed.

Main Results:

  • Imperfect membranes with high electrolyte concentrations can exhibit a direct transition from underlimiting to overlimiting currents, bypassing the limiting current.
  • The transition to overlimiting currents is monotonic for low-concentration electrolytes and oscillatory for high-concentration electrolytes.
  • Fluid velocities within the membrane, though small, significantly influence the nature and transition to overlimiting regimes.

Conclusions:

  • A detailed map of bifurcations, transitions, and regimes was constructed based on fixed membrane charge and Darcy number.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between fluid flow, membrane properties, and electrolyte concentration in determining membrane electrochemistry.
  • Findings provide critical insights for designing and optimizing ion-selective membranes for specific applications.