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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Quantum Optics
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Fluorescence-detected Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy is crucial for material analysis.
    • Traditional methods often use lock-in amplifiers, which struggle with weak signals.
    • Photon counting is preferred for low-signal environments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce a novel method for low-signal fluorescence-detected FT spectroscopy.
    • Enhance signal-to-noise ratio and spectral accuracy in challenging conditions.
    • Compare the new technique with existing lock-in detection methods.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed phase-tagged photon counting (PTPC) for assigning individual photon counts to interferometer phase.
    • Applied PTPC to molecular fluorescence excited by pulsed coherent laser.
    • Varied photon flux and visibility levels to test performance.

    Main Results:

    • PTPC successfully constructs optical spectra from individual photon counts.
    • Demonstrated superior performance of PTPC over standard lock-in detection.
    • Identified photon count statistics as the primary source of measurement uncertainty.

    Conclusions:

    • Phase-tagged photon counting is an effective technique for low-signal FT spectroscopy.
    • PTPC offers significant advantages for analyzing weak fluorescence signals.
    • The method expands the applicability of FT spectroscopy to more sensitive measurements.