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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals

A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals

Published on: March 13, 2011

Estimating wildlife vaccination coverage using genetic methods.

Freya Smith¹, Andrew Robertson², Graham C Smith¹

¹National Wildlife Management Centre, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodchester Park, Gloucestershire, GL10 3UJ, UK.

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

|September 10, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Estimating wildlife vaccine coverage is crucial for disease control. A novel genetic method using hair samples successfully measured Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine uptake in European badgers, achieving 50% coverage annually.

Keywords:

BCG Badger Bovine tuberculosis Capture mark recapture Genotyping Hair trap Vaccination Vaccine coverage Wildlife

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Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Veterinary immunology
Wildlife ecology
Conservation genetics

Background:

Wildlife vaccination is key for disease control, but measuring coverage is difficult.
Effective disease management requires understanding vaccine delivery to target populations.
Current methods for assessing wildlife vaccination rates are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply a robust method for estimating vaccine coverage in wild European badgers (Meles meles).
To assess the efficacy of a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination campaign for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control in badgers.
To provide a novel approach for quantifying wildlife vaccine uptake applicable to broader wildlife management.

Main Methods:

Utilized a modified capture-mark-recapture technique combined with genetic analysis.
Obtained individual-specific genetic profiles via microsatellite genotyping of hair samples.
Collected hair samples from trapped, vaccinated badgers and non-invasively from the wider badger population using hair traps at setts.

Main Results:

An estimated 50% (95% CI 40-60%) of the badger population received at least one BCG vaccine dose annually.
Population modeling suggested 67-83% cumulative vaccine coverage over a four-year campaign.
This study represents the first quantification of BCG vaccine coverage in wild badgers outside of field trials.

Conclusions:

The novel genetic approach provides a reliable method for estimating vaccine coverage in wild badger populations.
Achieved vaccine coverage levels have direct implications for bovine tuberculosis control policy in the UK.
The methodology offers potential for wider application in wildlife disease management and ecological research.