Rapid Assessment of Exercise State through Athlete's Urine Using Temperature-Dependent NIRS Technology

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Athletes utilize supplements and training to enhance sports performance.
• Monitoring athletes' physical status and supplement efficacy requires efficient assessment methods.
• Urine analysis provides valuable insights into physiological conditions through its metabolite composition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the feasibility of using temperature-dependent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid detection of athletes' exercise states.
• To develop a classifier for distinguishing physical status based on urine spectra.
• To assess the potential of NIRS in monitoring the effects of nutritional supplementation.

Main Methods:

• Collected temperature-dependent near-infrared spectra of athlete urine samples.
• Employed chemometrics methods: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Variable Importance in Projection (VIP), Continuous 1D Wavelet Transform (CWT), and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA).
• Developed and optimized a wavelet-PLS-DA classifier for status discrimination.

Main Results:

• The wavelet-PLS-DA classifier achieved high performance metrics.
• Average precision, sensitivity, and specificity exceeded 0.95.
• The overall accuracy for all samples reached 0.97, demonstrating robust classification.

Conclusions:

• Temperature-dependent NIRS is a feasible and rapid technique for assessing athletes' physical function.
• This method can effectively monitor the impact of nutritional supplementation on athletes.
• NIRS holds promise for broader applications in sports science and health monitoring.