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Adaptive slice-specific z-shimming for 2D spoiled gradient-echo sequences.

Martin Soellradl1, Johannes Strasser1, Andreas Lesch2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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This study introduces adaptive slice-specific z-shimming for improved MRI scans. The new method enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in R2* maps, leading to clearer imaging results.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Macroscopic field gradients in MRI can cause signal loss and misbalance.
  • Accurate estimation of R2* (T2-star) relaxation rates is crucial for various clinical applications.
  • Existing methods like global z-shimming have limitations in compensating for slice-specific field variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an adaptive slice-specific z-shimming approach for 2D spoiled multi-echo gradient-echo sequences.
  • To improve the balance between compensation gradients and macroscopic field gradients.
  • To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in R2* maps by modeling signal decay.

Main Methods:

  • A fast prescan (15 seconds) estimated slice-specific macroscopic field gradients.
Keywords:
field inhomogeneitiesgradient-echoz-shim

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  • Slice-specific compensation moments were calculated and applied along the echo train.
  • A forward model incorporated slice profile, z-shim moment, and field gradient effects to estimate R2* maps.
  • The method was validated in phantom and in vivo 3T MRI scans.

    • Main Results:

    • The adaptive slice-specific z-shimming approach significantly increased SNR in R2* maps compared to global z-shimming.
    • In global white matter, the proposed method reduced the mean interquartile range (proxy for SNR) to 3.06 s⁻¹, outperforming global z-shimming (3.37 s⁻¹) and uncompensated multi-echo gradient-echo (3.52 s⁻¹).
    • The method successfully rephased signals in areas where they had previously dephased completely.

    Conclusions:

    • Adaptive slice-specific compensation gradients substantially improve R2* map SNR.
    • The technique allows for signal rephasing in previously unrecoverable signal regions.
    • This method offers a significant advancement for quantitative MRI, particularly for R2* mapping.