[The penetration syndrome : from symptomatology to airway management !]

Penetration syndrome is common and dangerous. In front of any suspicion of inhalation of foreign bodies, an endoscopy is necessary and the anesthesia that accompanies this gesture is a real challenge given the complexity of the management and exposure of the airways. The anaesthesiologist is confronted with unsafe, partially obstructed airways and will have to share his workspace with surgeon colleagues while ensuring efficient ventilation and oxygenation. This is a real teamwork requiring close and permanent collaboration with the surgical team. Jet ventilation is a technique that is particularly useful and adapted to this type of operation. It offers undeniable advantages, such as continuity of the gesture, better visualization of the laryngeal structures and a clear operating field. Its use is constantly increasing. It is nevertheless a technique that requires regular training and is reserved for experienced anaesthesiologists in this field. This article covers the main principles of anaesthetic management of the penetration syndrome, highlighting the advantages of jet ventilation.