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Advancing tissue-engineered vascular grafts via their endothelialization and mechanical conditioning
Jeremy A Antonyshyn1,2, Katya A D'''''Costa1,2, J Paul Santerre3,2,4
1Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
The Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
|September 10, 2020
Summary
Tissue engineering offers solutions for small diameter vascular graft failure. Key advancements include antithrombogenic endothelium and biomimetic extracellular matrix for improved arterial reconstruction.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Small diameter vascular prostheses frequently fail due to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia.
- Tissue engineering aims to overcome these limitations by creating functional vascular grafts.
- Current research focuses on endothelialization and extracellular matrix development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review historical advancements and challenges in tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs).
- To guide the development of effective prostheses for small diameter arterial reconstruction.
- To highlight key features for clinical translation.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical data and current literature on TEVGs.
- Analysis of endothelial cell incorporation and extracellular matrix generation.
- Discussion of cell sources and mechanical conditioning.
Main Results:
- TEVGs require pure, arterially specified endothelial cells to prevent hyperplasia and atherosclerosis.
- Extracellular matrix must mimic native elastic arteries for stability and patency.
- Alternative cell sources and mechanical conditioning show promise.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in TEVG development, from early endothelialization to clinical trials.
- Further research is needed on endothelial cell characteristics and matrix properties.
- Clinically feasible and effective TEVGs for arterial reconstruction are nearing realization.
