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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

510
Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers,...
510

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
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Cost-Effective Smartphone-Based Articulable Endoscope Systems for Developing Countries: Instrument Validation Study.

Youngjin Moon1,2, Jeongmin Oh1, Jaeho Hyun1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth
|September 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a smartphone-controlled articulating endoscope for accessible medical imaging in underserved regions. The portable device offers clear visualization and precise articulation for minimally invasive diagnostics.

Keywords:
articulable endoscopecontinuum bodylow-cost medical devicelow-resource settingsmobile healthpoint of care diagnosticssmartphone-based endoscope

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

  • Endoscopes are crucial for internal organ visualization but are often inaccessible in developing countries.
  • Commercially available endoscopes lack articulation and active control, limiting their diagnostic capabilities and increasing risks.
  • Articulating endoscopes offer wider imaging areas and reduced tissue contact, enhancing safety and diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone-based, wide-field, articulable endoscope system.
  • To provide a cost-effective and accessible solution for minimally invasive clinical applications in resource-limited settings.
  • To develop a portable and actively controlled endoscopic device for point-of-care diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • A thin, articulable endoscope system was designed, incorporating a continuum mechanism and four motor modules for articulation.
  • A microprocessor controlled the motors, with a smartphone app providing image/video streaming, capture, and joystick-like articulation control.
  • The system utilized a USB On-The-Go (OTG) connection between the smartphone and motor module.

Main Results:

  • The smartphone-controlled endoscope achieved acceptable diagnostic resolution (960 × 720 pixels) and a maximum bending angle of 110°.
  • The device successfully imaged all sections of spherical targets and human phantoms, demonstrating precise articulation.
  • Usability and utility were confirmed through testing on human-organ phantoms.

Conclusions:

  • The portable, smartphone-controlled articulating endoscope provides clear, wide-field imaging for minimally invasive procedures.
  • Precise articulation minimizes invasiveness and risk of harm to delicate internal tissues.
  • The developed system is suitable for point-of-care medical applications in developing and less developed countries.