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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
Published on: May 24, 2022
Current Concepts of Periapical Surgery: 2020 Update
1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center; Private Practice, Avon Oral, Facial and Dental Implant Surgery, 34 Dale Road, Suite 105, Avon, CT 06001, USA.
Abstract:
Although conventional endodontic procedures are very successful, failure of the initial treatment can occur. Consideration for surgical treatment versus endodontic retreatment needs to be part of the decision along with thoughts of extraction with implant replacement. Apical surgery can preserve many teeth that remain symptomatic after conventional endodontic treatment especially because endodontic failure can occur after 1 year, usually after a definitive restoration is placed. This article reviews current indications for periapical surgery and discusses factors that can predict successful outcomes.

