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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Personae in sociolinguistic variation.

Annette D'Onofrio1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|September 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how "personae" are used in sociolinguistics to understand how people use language variation. Personae, or social types linked to speaking styles, help explain social meaning-making and linguistic change.

Keywords:
indexicalitylinguistic changelinguistic variationpersonaesociolinguistics

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Area of Science:

  • Sociolinguistics
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Linguistic Theory

Background:

  • Traditional sociolinguistics correlates macro-social categories with linguistic variants.
  • Interactional sociolinguistics views variation as a resource for speakers and listeners.
  • Personae are ideological social types linked to ways of being and speaking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review theoretical foundations of personae in linguistic variation studies.
  • Describe how personae enrich sociolinguistic theories.
  • Inform theories of language processing, perception, production, and representation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sociolinguistic studies.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks for persona construction.
  • Examination of empirical research on personae and linguistic variation.

Main Results:

  • Personae offer a richer understanding of social meaning-making in interaction.
  • The persona construct enhances theories of social categories, style, and change.
  • Personae help explain how linguistic variation is contextualized and disseminated.

Conclusions:

  • Studying personae improves articulation of social contextualization of linguistic variation.
  • Links between personae and linguistic styles are formed and spread through social space and time.
  • Investigating social constructs beyond demographics informs language processing and representation theories.