Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

43.3K
VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
43.3K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.1K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
47.1K
Path Between Thermodynamics States01:21

Path Between Thermodynamics States

3.8K
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1:
3.8K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

29.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
29.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.7K
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

4.0K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Perspective Analysis of Microbial Pathogens in Acute Exacerbation of Asthma: Insights from the Tertiary Care Center of North India - A Hospital-based Prospective Study.

Annals of African medicine·2026
Same author

A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes between Proximal and Distal Recipient Vessel Microanastomosis for Lower Limb Reconstruction.

Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India·2026
Same author

Restoration of Limb Alignment in Post-Traumatic Genu Varum Case Using Medial Open Wedge Proximal Tibial Osteotomy with Posterior Tibial Slope Correction: A Case Report.

Journal of orthopaedic case reports·2026
Same author

Shape resonances in silane and fluorinated silanes.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

TOPSIS-Based Performance and Drilling Delamination Assessment of Chemically Treated PALF Composites for Lightweight UAVs.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

The Electrophysiology Experience in Patients With Ebstein's Anomaly Undergoing the da Silva Cone Repair at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

3.6K

∑3 Twin Boundaries in Gd2Ti2O7 Pyrochlore: Pathways for Oxygen Migration.

Ashish Kumar Gupta1, Gaurav Arora2, Dilpuneet S Aidhy2

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Investigating twin boundaries in Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlores reveals atomic distortions and a 25% lower oxygen migration barrier at these defects, facilitating faster oxygen transport and property manipulation.

Keywords:
high-angle annular dark-field imagingmolecular dynamics oxygen migration barrieroxygen vacanciespyrochloretwin boundary∑3 coherent grain boundaries

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
11:07

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

Published on: August 15, 2015

10.2K
Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

3.6K
Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
11:07

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

Published on: August 15, 2015

10.2K
Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Twin boundaries (TBs) are common atomic imperfections in complex oxides, influencing material properties.
  • Understanding TB chemistry is crucial for manipulating functional properties, especially in pyrochlores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide atomic-scale insights into a specific twin boundary (∑3(111̅)⟨11̅0⟩) in pyrochlore-structured Gd2Ti2O7.
  • To investigate the impact of the TB on atomic structure and oxygen migration.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic-resolution electron microscopy for structural analysis.
  • Atomistic modeling to calculate oxygen migration barriers.

Main Results:

  • Observed atomic distortions and increased Gd-Gd and Ti-Ti bond lengths at the TB.
  • Calculated a ~25% lower oxygen migration barrier (0.9 eV vs. 1.23 eV) at the TB compared to the bulk.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the atomic arrangement at twin boundaries in pyrochlores.
  • Lowered oxygen migration barriers at TBs suggest enhanced oxygen transport, enabling defect-property control.