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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Non-Coding RNAs in Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease Pathophysiology.

Lavinia Raimondi1, Angela De Luca1, Gianluca Giavaresi1

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Multiple myeloma (MM) disrupts bone remodeling, causing bone disease. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of these processes, offering new therapeutic targets for multiple myeloma-related bone disease (MMBD).

Keywords:
bone diseaselong non-coding RNAmiRNAmultiple myelomanon-coding RNAtumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Multiple myeloma (MM) disrupts normal bone remodeling in the bone marrow niche.
  • This uncoupling leads to increased osteoclastogenesis, causing MM-related bone disease (MMBD).
  • The MM bone marrow microenvironment comprises cellular components that trigger enhanced osteoclast formation and activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major signaling pathways implicated in MMBD pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the emerging role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating these pathways.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for MMBD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of signaling pathways in MMBD.
  • Analysis of studies on ncRNA regulation in bone homeostasis and MMBD.
  • Synthesis of evidence on ncRNA's role in MM pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Key signaling pathways driving MMBD have been identified.
  • Various classes of ncRNAs demonstrate regulatory roles in these pathways.
  • ncRNAs finely tune gene expression programs crucial for bone homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated bone remodeling in MMBD is a significant clinical challenge.
  • ncRNAs represent a novel class of molecules involved in MMBD pathogenesis.
  • Targeting ncRNAs may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for MMBD.