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Ion-Selective Sensors for Orthopaedic Applications: A Systematic Review.

Giorgia Polidori1, Andrea Visani2, Gianluca Giavaresi2

  • 1Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

Biosensors
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Ion-selective sensors (ISSs) show promise for orthopaedic diagnostics and treatment, though their clinical application is still underdeveloped. Further research is needed to overcome challenges like biocompatibility and long-term stability for ISSs in musculoskeletal applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopaedic Surgery

Background:

  • Ion-selective sensors (ISSs) offer advanced capabilities like miniaturization and high specificity.
  • While ISSs are studied in environmental and general health, their specific role in orthopaedics remains largely unexplored.
  • Technological advancements are driving the potential of ISSs in medical diagnostics and prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future potential of ion-selective sensors (ISSs) specifically within the field of orthopaedics.
  • To identify key ions targeted by ISSs that are relevant to musculoskeletal pathophysiology.
  • To evaluate technological solutions and highlight development targets for clinical orthopaedic applications of ISSs.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
biocompatibleion-selective sensorsorthopaedic monitoringosteointegrationprosthetic implantswearable

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  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus databases.
  • Keywords included "ion", "sensor", "electrodes", "selective", "musculoskeletal", "implant", "joint replacement", and "orthopaedic".
  • Screening and synthesis of 44 relevant studies, classifying them by target ion and evaluating technological aspects.
  • Main Results:

    • Few studies specifically address ISS applications in orthopaedics, indicating a significant research gap.
    • All investigated ISSs targeted ions relevant to musculoskeletal pathophysiology, suggesting broad potential.
    • Key challenges for clinical translation include biocompatibility, long-term stability, calibration, and validation.

    Conclusions:

    • ISSs represent a largely untapped frontier in orthopaedics with potential for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Addressing challenges in biocompatibility and stability is crucial for transitioning ISSs from prototypes to clinical tools.
    • Successful development of ISSs will enable advanced sensorised orthopaedic devices and personalized medicine.