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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis
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Published on: August 8, 2019

Validation of a Sensorized Forearm Crutch for Quantifying Partial Weight-Bearing During Assisted Gait Using Optical

Soufiane Mahraoui1, Gerrit Bücken2, Stefan Ecker2

  • 1Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed sensorized forearm crutches to monitor assisted gait, providing quantitative data on load and orientation. The system accurately measures biomechanics, aiding rehabilitation and real-time feedback for patients using crutches.

Keywords:
assistive devicecrutchgait analysisgait cycleground reaction forceinertial measurement unitinstrumented crutchesstrain gauge

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Assistive Technology

Background:

  • Conventional forearm crutches are passive and lack quantitative biomechanical monitoring capabilities.
  • Assisted gait analysis is crucial for rehabilitation but current methods are limited.
  • Objective assessment of patient adherence to partial weight-bearing (PWB) prescriptions is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and validate a sensorized forearm crutch system for biomechanical monitoring during assisted gait.
  • To integrate force and inertial sensors for capturing axial load and crutch orientation.
  • To enable quantitative assessment of gait parameters and patient adherence to PWB.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a sensorized forearm crutch system with strain gauges and a 6-axis inertial measurement unit (IMU).
  • Implemented sensor fusion using a complementary filter for dynamic angle estimation.
  • Validated the system against an optoelectronic motion capture system and an instrumented dual-belt treadmill with force platforms.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic validation showed high accuracy for force (RMSE < 13 N) and orientation (RMSE < 2.1°).
  • Coefficients of determination (R²) exceeded 0.99 for force measurements, indicating excellent agreement.
  • The system successfully extracted quantitative biomechanical descriptors of gait stability and coordination.

Conclusions:

  • The sensorized forearm crutch system provides accurate and continuous biomechanical monitoring during assisted gait.
  • This technology has significant potential for objective assessment in rehabilitation medicine.
  • The system can offer real-time feedback to improve patient outcomes and adherence to PWB protocols.