Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
09:36

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions

Published on: August 26, 2021

4.2K

Perils and Promises of Pathogenic Protozoan Extracellular Vesicles

Joshua Seun Olajide1,2, Jianping Cai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|September 14, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pathogenic protozoan parasites release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry parasite-specific molecules. These EVs influence host cells and immune responses, playing a key role in parasitic infections.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators in biological communication.
  • Protozoan parasites utilize EVs for intercellular signaling and host interaction.
  • EV secretion is triggered by physiological stressors in protozoan parasites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the morphology, origin, and functions of protozoan parasite-derived EVs.
  • To discuss the stimuli, biomolecules, and immune responses related to parasitic EVs.
  • To provide insights into the role of EVs in protozoan parasitism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on protozoan EVs.
  • Analysis of species-specific EV morphology and integrity.
  • Discussion of EV biogenesis and cargo.

Main Results:

  • Parasitic EVs exhibit species-specific characteristics reflecting their origin and stimuli.
  • EVs are involved in parasite-host interactions and immune modulation.
  • Internalization mechanisms and functional outcomes of recipient cells are diverse.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles are crucial in protozoan parasite biology and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding parasitic EVs offers potential for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex functions of these vesicles.
Keywords:
effectsexosomesextracellular vesicleshost cellsprotozoastressor

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Extracellular Vesicle Function During Malaria Infection13:45

Evaluation of Extracellular Vesicle Function During Malaria Infection

Published on: February 14, 2018

8.0K
Purification of High Yield Extracellular Vesicle Preparations Away from Virus07:15

Purification of High Yield Extracellular Vesicle Preparations Away from Virus

Published on: September 12, 2019

12.0K

Related Concept Videos

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
4.5K
Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
688
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.3K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
2.9K
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
664
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
7.2K