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Published on: January 20, 2023
Delayed Sequelae Related to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children
Akella Chendrasekhar1,2, Brandon Kuczabski1, Douglas Cohen1
1Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, USA.
Insights
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to lasting effects in children, with over a third experiencing residual symptoms like memory loss, anxiety, or learning disabilities months after the injury. Further research is needed to identify children at risk for these long-term consequences.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric neurology
- Traumatology
- Neuropsychology
Background:
- Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) sequelae are often reported in case studies, but larger investigations are limited.
- Understanding long-term effects in pediatric populations is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of long-term sequelae in pediatric patients following mild TBI.
- To identify potential risk factors or characteristics associated with persistent post-concussive symptoms.
Main Methods:
- A telephone-based survey was conducted with parents of 100 pediatric TBI patients.
- Data collected included patient demographics, injury characteristics, and residual symptoms post-concussion.
- Follow-up duration ranged from 4 to 68 months post-injury.
Main Results:
- 33% of pediatric patients exhibited residual effects of mild TBI at the time of the survey.
- Specific sequelae included memory loss (14%), anxiety/depression (21%), learning disabilities (20%), and sleep disturbances (15%).
- Injury severity, age at injury, and mechanism of injury did not significantly correlate with the incidence of sequelae.
Conclusions:
- Mild TBI in children can result in significant and persistent long-term sequelae.
- There is a need for improved methods to identify children susceptible to enduring post-concussive symptoms.
Abstract:
Delayed sequelae from mild traumatic brain injury (Glasgow Coma Score at admission >13, TBI) has been documented in case reports however larger studies of these effects are sparse. We undertook a telephone based survey to assess the long term sequelae of TBI. We tracked 100 pediatric TBI patients via our trauma registry for demographic data including age, injury severity, and mechanism of injury. Then we proceeded to contact these patient's parents via telephone. We asked regarding residual symptoms and signs of concussive injury. Duration out from initial concussive injury ranged from 4 to 68 months. The parents of 66 boys and 34 girls were surveyed. The age of the patients at the time of mild TBI ranged from 1 to 14 years. The injury severity score ranged from 1 to 21. One being the most common Injury severity score. Thirty-three percent of patients had residual effects of concussion at the time of telephone survey. Fourteen percent had memory loss issues, 21% had anxiety/depression issues, 20% had learning disability issues, and 15% had sleep disturbance issues. Duration of time post concussive injury, mechanism, and age did not influence incidence of sequelae. Mild traumatic brain injury has significant long term sequelae. Better identifying characteristics are needed to characterize patients susceptible to long term residual effects of concussion.
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