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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Correction: Marchetti et al. MicroRNA-24-3p Targets Notch and Other Vascular Morphogens to Regulate Post-ischemic Microvascular Responses in Limb Muscles. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2020, <i>21</i>, 1733.

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MicroRNA regulation of vascular function.

David Mellis1, Andrea Caporali1

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Vascular Biology (Bristol, England)
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial for vascular health and disease. This review covers vascular miRNAs, their biogenesis, and transport via extracellular vesicles for potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating gene expression.
  • Vascular miRNAs are essential for vascular development, homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting vascular miRNAs are gaining traction due to their functional significance and feasibility for in vivo application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current state-of-the-art regarding vascular miRNAs.
  • To discuss the intricate processes of miRNA biogenesis in the context of vascular biology.
  • To explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the transport of miRNAs within the vascular system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on vascular miRNAs.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on miRNA biogenesis pathways relevant to vascular cells.
  • Examination of evidence supporting the role of extracellular vesicles in intercellular miRNA communication in vasculature.

Main Results:

  • Vascular miRNAs are key regulators of diverse cellular processes within the vascular system.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis contributes to vascular pathologies.
  • Extracellular vesicles serve as significant mediators for miRNA delivery, influencing vascular cell function and disease.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular miRNAs represent promising therapeutic targets for a range of vascular conditions.
  • Understanding miRNA biogenesis and EV-mediated transport is crucial for developing effective miRNA-based therapies.
  • This review highlights the potential of harnessing vascular miRNAs for clinical intervention in cardiovascular diseases.