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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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White Matter Changes on Diffusion Tensor Imaging in the FINGER Randomized Controlled Trial.

Ruth Stephen1, Alina Solomon1,2, Tiia Ngandu2,3

  • 1Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|September 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention improved white matter integrity and cognition in older adults at risk for dementia. This intervention may help modulate microstructural alterations in the brain, offering potential benefits for cognitive health.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseasedementiadiffusion tensor imagingrandomized controlled trial

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Early white matter microstructure changes detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are linked to cognitive decline.
  • Understanding these changes and the impact of interventions is crucial for individuals at risk of dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention on white matter and cognitive function in at-risk older individuals.
  • To analyze changes in DTI metrics and their correlation with cognitive changes within the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) trial.

Main Methods:

  • A subsample of 60 participants from the FINGER trial were randomized into a multidomain intervention group (diet, exercise, cognitive training, vascular risk management) or a control group.
  • Brain DTI was performed at baseline and after 2 years to assess changes in fractional anisotropy (FA), diffusivity (F1, F2), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD).

Main Results:

  • The intervention group showed a significant increase in FA and greater cognitive improvement compared to the control group.
  • No significant intergroup differences were observed in changes of F1, F2, MD, AxD, or RD.
  • Cognitive improvements correlated positively with FA change and negatively with RD change in the control group, but not in the intervention group.

Conclusions:

  • The 2-year multidomain FINGER intervention demonstrated potential in modulating white matter microstructural alterations.
  • These findings suggest that lifestyle interventions can impact brain structure and cognitive function in older adults at risk for dementia.