CRISPR-Cas-mediated gene editing in lactic acid bacteria

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems are revolutionizing gene editing.
• These systems are highly efficient, convenient, and diverse, enabling precise genetic modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the fundamental mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas systems.
• To review current gene editing methodologies in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using CRISPR-Cas.
• To compare different CRISPR-Cas-based genomic manipulation strategies in LAB.

Main Methods:

• Focus on CRISPR-Cas models specifically developed for LAB.
• Comparison of gene deletion, insertion, and point mutation techniques.
• Classification of genomic manipulations based on Cas proteins and recombineering types.

Main Results:

• Cas-RNA cassettes are effective tools for gene editing in various LAB species.
• CRISPR-Cas systems facilitate diverse genomic manipulations including deletion, insertion, and point mutations.
• The application landscape of CRISPR-Cas in LAB is rapidly expanding.

Conclusions:

• CRISPR-Cas technology is a powerful and evolving tool for LAB genetic engineering.
• Understanding CRISPR-Cas mechanisms and applications is crucial for advancing LAB biotechnology.
• The versatility of CRISPR-Cas systems promises significant future developments in LAB research.