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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing02:41

Chromatin Structure and RNA Splicing

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RNA structures in alternative splicing and back-splicing.

Bingbing Xu1, Yijun Meng2, Yongfeng Jin1

  • 1MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|September 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA structures regulate alternative splicing and back-splicing, expanding proteomic diversity. Disruptions in these RNA structures can lead to human diseases, highlighting their critical biological roles.

Keywords:
RNA structurealternative splicingback-splicinghigh-throughput structure sequencinglong-range RNA pairingmechanismregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Alternative splicing significantly increases transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in eukaryotes.
  • Long noncoding RNA splicing, back-splicing, and trans-splicing further diversify RNA regulation.
  • RNA structures are increasingly recognized for their crucial role in regulating splicing events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles and mechanisms of RNA structures in alternative splicing and back-splicing.
  • To explore how RNA structure disruption impacts alternative splicing and contributes to human diseases.
  • To discuss the emerging transcription-folding-splicing paradigm in RNA biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA structure and splicing.
  • Analysis of novel sequencing technologies for identifying genome-wide RNA structures and networks.
  • Integration of in vitro and in vivo findings on RNA structure-function relationships.

Main Results:

  • RNA structures play a fundamental role in regulating both alternative splicing and back-splicing.
  • Novel sequencing technologies enable comprehensive mapping of RNA structures and interactions.
  • Disruption of RNA structures is linked to aberrant alternative splicing and human pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • RNA structures are key regulators of RNA splicing diversity and function.
  • Understanding RNA structure dynamics is crucial for deciphering splicing regulation.
  • Aberrant RNA structures contributing to disease necessitate further investigation into therapeutic strategies.