Renin-angiotensin system and cancer: epidemiology, cell signaling, genetics and epigenetics

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Background:

• Cancer presents a growing global health and economic burden.
• The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for cardiovascular regulation, with inhibitors widely used for hypertension and heart failure.
• Emerging evidence links RAS activation and blockade to diverse cancer types, though findings are conflicting.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted roles of RAS receptors in cancer development.
• To synthesize epidemiological and pathogenetic data concerning RAS blockade and cancer.
• To elucidate the influence of RAS on cancer through cell signaling, apoptosis, and genetic/epigenetic factors.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological and experimental studies.
• Analysis of data on RAS receptor subtypes and their association with cancer.
• Examination of molecular mechanisms including cell signaling, apoptosis, and genetic/epigenetic alterations.

Main Results:

• Studies indicate RAS blockade can be protective in some cancers.
• Contradictory findings suggest RAS blockade may be unrelated or detrimental in other cancer types.
• Discrepancies may arise from the diverse roles of different RAS receptors and effectors.

Conclusions:

• The relationship between RAS blockade and cancer is complex and context-dependent.
• Understanding specific RAS receptor roles is critical for predicting outcomes.
• Further research into RAS signaling pathways in cancer pathogenesis is warranted.