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XeUS: A second-generation automated open-source batch-mode clinical-scale hyperpolarizer.

Jonathan R Birchall1, Robert K Irwin2, Panayiotis Nikolaou3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, MI 48202, United States.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|September 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces XeUS GEN-2, an open-source automated hyperpolarizer for clinical-scale production of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe gas. It achieves high polarization efficiently without cryo-collection, enabling advanced medical imaging.

Keywords:
HyperpolarizationInstrumentationMRINMRSEOPXenon

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe is a valuable contrast agent for medical imaging, offering insights into lung function and other physiological processes.
  • Current methods for HP 129Xe production often rely on continuous-flow systems and cryo-collection, which can be complex and limit scalability.
  • Automated, batch-mode production systems are needed to improve the efficiency and accessibility of HP 129Xe for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a second-generation, open-source, automated batch-mode hyperpolarizer (XeUS GEN-2) for clinical-scale HP 129Xe production.
  • To achieve high Xe density and polarization using spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) without the need for cryo-collection.
  • To enable remote automation and reliable operation through microcontroller integration and custom software development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Arduino micro-controller and open-source software for automated control of the hyperpolarizer, including temperature ramping, NMR signal acquisition, and SEOP cell refilling.
  • Employed a 3D-printed polycarbonate oven with thermoelectric cooling/heating for thermal stability during SEOP with binary (Xe/N2) and ternary (Xe/He/N2) gas mixtures.
  • Operated the system at high Xe partial pressures (0.66-2.5 atm) and resonant photon flux (~170 W) to optimize the spin-exchange optical pumping process.

Main Results:

  • Achieved near-unity 129Xe polarization (%PXe) up to 93.2 ± 2.9% at 0.66 atm Xe, with a polarization build-up rate constant of 0.040 ± 0.005 min-1.
  • Demonstrated high polarization efficiency at higher Xe pressures, achieving 72.6 ± 1.4% at 1.75 atm Xe with a similar build-up rate.
  • Showcased long-term stability and reliability, with average polarization of 71.7% and polarization lifetime of 90.5 min over ~900 SEOP cell refills without significant performance degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The XeUS GEN-2 system provides an efficient, reliable, and scalable method for producing clinical-grade hyperpolarized 129Xe gas in batch mode.
  • The open-source nature and automation capabilities facilitate wider adoption and integration into clinical imaging and bio-sensing workflows.
  • This technological advancement holds significant translational relevance for advancing the clinical utility of HP 129Xe MRI.