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Non-Communicable Diseases-Related Stigma: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review
Sarju Sing Rai1,2, Elena V Syurina1, Ruth M H Peters1
1Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 16, 2020
Summary
Stigma linked to major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like cancer and diabetes causes blame, shame, and fear. This review synthesizes evidence on NCD stigma, impacting patient health and quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Social Sciences
- Medical Sociology
Background:
- Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a significant global health burden.
- Stigma is a recognized psychosocial factor impacting individuals with chronic health conditions.
- Understanding NCD-related stigma is crucial for effective patient care and support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize existing evidence on stigma associated with four major NCDs: cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
- To identify the causes, manifestations, and consequences of health-related stigma in people living with these NCDs.
- To develop a conceptual framework for understanding NCD-related stigma.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search across multiple databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, JSTOR, Science Direct, Web of Science).
- Inclusion of original research articles in English exploring health-related stigma in the context of the four specified NCDs.
- Three-step integrative synthesis of data from 26 selected qualitative and quantitative studies.
Main Results:
- Stigma in NCDs is primarily driven by blame, shame, and fear, with variations based on disease-specific characteristics.
- Manifestations (enacted and felt stigma) and consequences (social, behavioral, psychological, medical) of stigma are largely consistent across the studied NCDs.
- Inconsistencies in the conceptualization of stigma processes were identified, leading to the development of a new NCD-related stigma framework.
Conclusions:
- People living with NCDs frequently experience stigma, negatively affecting their health, disease management, and overall quality of life.
- The developed NCD-related stigma framework offers a novel approach to enhance understanding of stigma processes and experiences.
- This framework can inform interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse impacts of stigma on individuals with NCDs.
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