A Smart Band for Automatic Supervision of Restrained Patients in a Hospital Environment

Mechanical contention (MC) is a restrictive, vital but controversial measure, prescribed in the majority of EU countries to handle patients with psycho-motor agitation that do not respond to other types of intervention, with an imminent risk of physical violence and aggression involved. This last resort approach implies risks for the somatic health of the contained individual that go from trauma injuries to, in some extreme cases, sudden death. Despite these risks, somatic supervision and the monitoring of patients under MC is limited, being periodically and manually carried out by nursing personnel with portable equipment. In this context, ensuring continuous monitoring using fully automated equipment is an uncovered yet urgent need. There are several devices already in the market capable of monitoring vital signs, but they are not specifically designed for these type of patients and they can be expensive and/or difficult to integrate with other systems from a software perspective. The work described in this paper gives answers to these necessities with the introduction of a low-cost system, targeted at psychiatric patients, for the acquisition and wireless transmission in real-time of physiological parameters, making use of micro-controllers for collecting and processing sensor data, and WiFi technology to upload the information to the server where a patient's profile with all the relevant vital parameters resides. In addition to data collection and processing, an application aimed at use by nursing staff has also been developed to raise alerts in case any critical condition is detected.