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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

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Brain Substrates of Time-Based Prospective Memory Decline in Aging: A Voxel-Based Morphometry and Diffusion Tensor

Alexandrine Morand¹, Shailendra Segobin¹, Grégory Lecouvey¹

¹Normandie Université, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, 14000 Caen, France.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|September 16, 2020

Summary

Aging impairs time-based prospective memory (TBPM) by affecting white matter integrity, not gray matter volume. Declines in white matter tracts connecting frontal and occipital regions correlate with reduced TBPM performance in older adults.

Keywords:

aging diffusion tensor imaging episodic memory prospective memory voxel-based morphometry

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases

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Published on: July 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) is crucial for future task completion.
Age-related decline in TBPM is well-documented, but its neural underpinnings remain unclear.
Understanding these neural substrates is vital for addressing cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the macrostructural gray matter and microstructural white matter integrity associated with age-related TBPM decline.
To differentiate the roles of gray matter volume versus white matter integrity in TBPM performance across age groups.

Main Methods:

Administered a TBPM task to healthy young and older adult participants.
Utilized volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for brain scans.
Analyzed correlations between neuroimaging data and TBPM performance.

Main Results:

Older adults showed reduced gray matter volumes, but this did not correlate with TBPM performance.
A significant age-related decline in fractional anisotropy (FA) was observed in white matter tracts connecting frontal and occipital regions.
Reduced FA in these specific tracts correlated with poorer TBPM performance in older adults.

Conclusions:

White matter microstructural integrity, particularly in tracts connecting frontal and occipital regions, is critical for age-related TBPM performance.
The findings support a 'disconnection' hypothesis of cognitive aging.
Targeting white matter integrity may offer avenues for interventions to mitigate age-related memory decline.