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Insights into the regulatory molecules involved in glaucoma pathogenesis
Hamidreza Moazzeni1, Marzieh Khani1, Elahe Elahi1
1School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics
|September 16, 2020
Summary
This review identifies regulatory molecules like transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in glaucoma pathogenesis. These molecules target genes affecting crucial cellular processes, highlighting a complex regulatory network in glaucoma development.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by optic nerve damage.
- Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and aging are key risk factors.
- Retinal ganglion cells and trabecular meshwork cells play roles in glaucoma etiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review regulatory molecules potentially involved in glaucoma pathogenesis.
- To identify targets of these regulators and affected cellular functions.
- To elucidate the complex regulatory network underlying glaucoma.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of regulatory molecules (transcription factors, miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs) associated with glaucoma.
- Analysis of targeted genes and their functions.
- Identification of frequently targeted genes and key regulatory interactions.
Main Results:
- 18 transcription factors (TFs), 195 microRNAs (miRNAs), 106 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 2 circular RNAs (circRNAs) are potential glaucoma regulators.
- Targeted genes influence apoptosis, stress responses, immune functions, ECM properties, IOP, and eye development.
- BCL2, CDKN1A, and TP53 are frequently targeted genes; TP53 is also a TF, indicating a complex regulatory network.
Conclusions:
- Regulatory molecules play a significant role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
- A complex network of interactions between regulators and target genes, particularly those involved in apoptosis, is central to glaucoma.
- Understanding these regulatory networks is crucial for developing future glaucoma therapies.
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