Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

10.8K

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
10.8K
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction02:27

Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction

11.7K
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
11.7K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

7.0K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
7.0K
Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage02:01

Alkynes to Carboxylic Acids: Oxidative Cleavage

6.5K
Alkynes undergo oxidative cleavage in the presence of oxidizing reagents like potassium permanganate and ozone. The triple bond — one σ bond and two π bonds — is completely cleaved, and the alkyne is oxidized to carboxylic acids. When warm and basic aqueous potassium permanganate is used as an oxidizing agent, alkynes are first converted to carboxylate salts via an unstable α-diketone intermediate. Further, a mild acid treatment protonates the carboxylate anions...
6.5K
Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids01:15

Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

5.1K
Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
5.1K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

12.2K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temperature-Dependent Swelling of Brodie Graphite Oxide in Liquid Primary Amides.

The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces·2026
Same author

Titanium Carbide MXene Synthesis by Etching of Titanium Aluminum Carbide in Acetic Acid Solution.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Operando X-Ray Diffraction Study of MXene Electrode Structure in Supercapacitors with Alkali Metal Electrolytes.

Small science·2025
Same author

Correction to "Nanostructured Sulfur-Doped Carbon from Biomass and Its Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes".

ACS sustainable resource management·2025
Same author

Pristine MXene: In Situ XRD Study of MAX Phase Etching with HCl+LiF Solution.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2024
Same author

Oscillating Structural Transformations in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Graphite.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
08:57

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

Published on: July 3, 2025

1.5K

Acetylation of graphite oxide.

Andreas Nordenström1, Artem Iakunkov1, Igor Baburin2

  • 1Umeå University, Department of Physics, Linnaeus väg 24, Umeå, SE 901 87, Sweden. alexandr.talyzin@umu.se.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Acetylation of graphite oxide (GO) yields acetylated graphite oxide (AcGO), a material with selective swelling properties. This novel material shows promise for advanced membrane applications due to its unique sorption characteristics.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
10:23

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

14.4K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids
06:53

Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
08:57

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

Published on: July 3, 2025

1.5K
Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
10:23

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

14.4K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids
06:53

Author Spotlight: Enhancing CryoEM Resolution Using Graphene-Coated Grids

Published on: September 8, 2023

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Graphite oxide (GO) has been extensively studied, but its acetylation remains largely unexplored.
  • Previous modifications of GO often focused on different chemical pathways.
  • Understanding GO derivatives is crucial for developing new functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unexplored chemical modification of graphite oxide (GO) via acetylation.
  • To characterize the properties of the resulting acetylated graphite oxide (AcGO).
  • To evaluate AcGO's potential for membrane applications.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of acetylated graphite oxide (AcGO) using acetic anhydride.
  • Characterization of AcGO using X-ray diffraction to determine interlayer spacing.
  • Analysis of elemental composition (C/O ratio) to assess functionalization and reduction.
  • Theoretical modeling to predict AcGO structure.
  • Swelling studies in polar solvents (acetonitrile, water).

Main Results:

  • Acetylation successfully modified GO, increasing interlayer distance from 7.8 Å to 10 Å.
  • The C/O ratio increased from 2.2 in GO to 6.2 in AcGO, indicating partial reduction.
  • AcGO exhibited significant swelling in acetonitrile, similar to GO, but not in water, demonstrating selective sorption.
  • Theoretical model supported experimental findings on AcGO structure and interlayer distance.

Conclusions:

  • Acetylated graphite oxide (AcGO) is a novel material with tunable properties.
  • AcGO displays selective swelling behavior in polar solvents, unlike reduced GO.
  • The combination of low oxidation and selective sorption makes AcGO a promising candidate for membrane technologies.