Cell-Type- and Brain-Region-Resolved Mouse Brain Lipidome.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Lipidomics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Gene and protein expression data are vital for brain function research.
• The lipid composition of the brain remains largely uncharacterized.
• Understanding brain lipids is crucial for neurological health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To perform a cell-type-resolved assessment of mouse brain lipid composition.
• To identify cell-type- and brain-region-specific lipid profiles.
• To integrate lipid and protein expression data to predict lipid pathways in specific brain cells.

Main Methods:

• Quantitative shotgun lipidomics was employed to analyze brain lipid composition.
• Around 700 lipid species were quantified, with detailed evaluation of lipid features.
• Lipid profiles were assessed in various mouse models and conditions, including aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Main Results:

• Cell-type- and brain-region-specific lipid profiles were identified in adult and aged mice.
• Distinct lipid profiles were observed in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice, an Alzheimer's disease model, and across different diets.
• Integration with protein expression data predicted cell-type-specific lipid pathways, such as fatty acid beta-oxidation in astrocytes and sphingolipid metabolism in microglia.

Conclusions:

• This study provides a comprehensive resource for brain lipid composition, complementing existing gene and protein atlases.
• The findings highlight the importance of cell-type-specific lipid profiles in brain function and disease.
• This lipid atlas offers valuable insights for understanding the role of lipids in neurological processes and conditions.