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Activated ras oncogenes in human thyroid cancers.

N R Lemoine1, E S Mayall, F S Wyllie

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

Cancer Research
|August 15, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Human thyroid cancers show distinct metastatic patterns linked to oncogene activation. Follicular thyroid cancers frequently activate ras oncogenes, unlike papillary thyroid cancers, suggesting a role in metastasis.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human thyroid epithelial cells can develop into two main malignant tumors: follicular and papillary carcinomas.
  • These tumor types exhibit distinct metastatic behaviors, with follicular carcinomas spreading via the bloodstream and papillary carcinomas via lymphatics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between differing metastatic patterns of thyroid carcinomas and specific oncogene activation.
  • To determine if activated ras oncogenes correlate with the distinct biological behaviors of follicular and papillary thyroid cancers.

Main Methods:

  • DNA transfection analysis was performed on five follicular and ten papillary thyroid cancer samples.
  • The study focused on identifying and quantifying the activation patterns of ras oncogenes (H-ras, K-ras, N-ras).

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Main Results:

  • A statistically significant difference in oncogene activation patterns was observed between the two carcinoma types.
  • Activated ras oncogenes were detected in 80% of follicular thyroid tumors, compared to only 20% of papillary tumors.
  • All three ras oncogenes (H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras) were found to be activated in follicular cancers, a novel finding in primary human tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Ras oncogene activation appears to be a key factor differentiating the metastatic potential of follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas.
  • The specific pattern of ras activation may play a crucial role in determining the metastatic capability of these epithelial cancers.