Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.5K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.5K
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

5.6K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
5.6K
Vision01:24

Vision

58.9K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
58.9K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

484
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
484
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

9.1K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
9.1K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

3.1K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distributed control circuits across a brain-and-cord connectome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Human-level learning of complex novel tasks as theory-based modelling, exploration and planning.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence for science: The easy and hard problems.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences·2026
Same author

Reconciling time and prediction error theories of associative learning.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Quantifying the Cost of Context Sensitivity in Decision-Making.

Topics in cognitive science·2025
Same author

Bayesian estimation yields anti-Weber variability.

PNAS nexus·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.7K

Hierarchical structure is employed by humans during visual motion perception.

Johannes Bill1,2, Hrag Pailian2, Samuel J Gershman2,3

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; johannes_bill@hms.harvard.edu jan_drugowitsch@hms.harvard.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human visual perception effectively uses structured motion to improve tracking of multiple objects. This study reveals how the brain processes complex movements by analyzing relationships between object velocities in dynamic scenes.

Keywords:
Bayesian inferencegenerative modelshierarchical structuremotion perceptionmultiple object tracking

More Related Videos

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

12.0K
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

345

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior
09:49

Methods to Explore the Influence of Top-down Visual Processes on Motor Behavior

Published on: April 16, 2014

26.7K
Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

12.0K
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

345

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Vision
  • Human Perception

Background:

  • Real-world dynamic scenes are often composed of simpler, hierarchically structured elements.
  • The human visual system decomposes complex motion into nested reference frames, yet underlying computations are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the computational mechanisms of hierarchical motion perception.
  • To develop stimuli for controlled analysis of statistical motion relations.
  • To determine how the visual system exploits motion structure for perceptual tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Development of novel stimuli with controlled statistical relationships between object velocities.
  • Human multiple object tracking task to assess performance with structured motion stimuli.
  • Motion prediction task to further probe the exploitation of motion structure.

Main Results:

  • Structured motion stimuli significantly enhance human multiple object tracking performance.
  • Computational analysis indicates participants leverage motion relations for improved tracking.
  • Motion prediction experiments provide detailed insights into flexible exploitation of motion structure.

Conclusions:

  • The human visual system actively utilizes statistical regularities in object velocities.
  • Hierarchical motion perception involves flexible computations that adapt to scene structure.
  • Understanding these computations is key to explaining complex dynamic scene perception.