Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: Current Management and Future Challenges

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Gastroenterology
• Pathology

Background:

• Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRC) is increasingly recognized as a distinct entity.
• It presents unique pathological and molecular features, including poor cohesion and differentiation.
• Current clinical management is challenging due to chemoradioresistance and poor outcomes in advanced stages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the distinct characteristics of GSRC.
• To explore the challenges in its clinical management and treatment selection.
• To highlight how improved understanding of therapeutic benefits can enhance patient survival.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent advances in GSRC epidemiology, pathology, molecular mechanisms, and combined modality therapy (CMT).
• Analysis of GSRC classification systems (WHO, JGCA, Laurén).
• Discussion of treatment modalities including chemoradiotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

• GSRC exhibits distinct pathological and molecular features compared to other gastric cancers.
• Poor response to neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is observed.
• The effectiveness of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy and immunotherapy in GSRC remains under investigation.

Conclusions:

• GSRC requires a distinct approach in diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Further research into novel therapeutic strategies is essential.
• Enhanced understanding of GSRC biology and treatment response is key to improving patient outcomes.