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Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases
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Imaging in large-vessel vasculitis.

Wolfgang A Schmidt1, Berit D Nielsen2

  • 1Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Medical Centre for Rheumatology Berlin-Buch, Lindenberger Weg 19, 13125, Berlin, Germany.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
|September 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advanced imaging techniques like ultrasound, MRI, and PET scans are now considered as effective as histology for diagnosing large-vessel vasculitis. These methods detect arterial wall changes and inflammation, aiding prompt diagnosis before treatment impacts sensitivity.

Keywords:
AortitisComputed tomographyGiant cell arteritisImagingMagnetic resonance imagingPositron emission tomographyTakayasu arteritisUltrasoundVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Histology was the gold standard for diagnosing large-vessel vasculitis.
  • Recent scientific recommendations now equate imaging with histology for diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of various imaging modalities in diagnosing large-vessel vasculitis.
  • To highlight the role of imaging in giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on ultrasound, MRI, CT, and FDG-PET in vasculitis.
  • Analysis of imaging findings such as arterial wall thickening and FDG uptake.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound, MRI, and CT reveal concentric arterial wall thickening.
  • FDG-PET shows increased FDG uptake in inflamed artery walls.
  • Ultrasound excels in small arteries (e.g., temporal), while MRI/PET/CT offer broader views (extracranial).

Conclusions:

  • Imaging is a valuable tool for diagnosing large-vessel vasculitis, including giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis.
  • Prompt diagnosis via imaging is crucial as treatment reduces sensitivity.
  • Further research is exploring imaging's role in monitoring disease progression.