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New withanolides from <i>Physalis minima</i> and their cytotoxicity against A375 human melanoma cells.

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New cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis minima.

Meng Zhang1, Benke Jiang2, Xinya He2

  • 1School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, People's Republic of China.

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Researchers identified new and known compounds from Physalis minima, with several showing significant cytotoxic activity against human melanoma cells. This discovery offers potential for new cancer treatments.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Physalis minima is a plant species with a history of traditional medicinal use.
  • Withanolides are a class of steroidal lactones found in plants of the Solanaceae family, known for diverse biological activities.
  • Melanoma remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the search for novel therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a phytochemical investigation of Physalis minima.
  • To isolate and characterize new and known withanolides from the plant.
  • To evaluate the cytotoxic potential of these compounds against A375 human melanoma cells.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical isolation techniques were employed to obtain compounds from Physalis minima.
  • Structural elucidation was performed using advanced spectroscopic methods, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD).
  • Cytotoxicity assays were conducted using A375 human melanoma cells to determine inhibitory concentrations (IC50).

Main Results:

  • Six new withanolides, physaminilides HK (1-4) and two artificial withanolides (5-6), along with 19 known compounds (7-25), were isolated.
  • The structures of the new compounds were confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis.
  • Several isolates, specifically compounds 1, 8-9, 12-13, 15-17, and 19, demonstrated significant cytotoxic effects against A375 melanoma cells, with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 7.5 μM.

Conclusions:

  • The phytochemical analysis of Physalis minima yielded a diverse array of withanolides, including novel structures.
  • The identified compounds, particularly physaminilides HK and several known withanolides, possess potent cytotoxic activity against human melanoma cells.
  • These findings highlight the potential of Physalis minima-derived compounds as leads for the development of new anti-melanoma therapeutics.