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Histomonas meleagridis isolates compared by virulence and gene expression.

Zehui Wei1, Mathew Abraham2, Elle V Chadwick3

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.

Veterinary Parasitology
|September 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Virulence factors in Histomonas meleagridis isolates vary, impacting turkey poult pathology. Cysteine proteinase and superoxide dismutase gene expression differs between isolates and with air exposure, influencing disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
Blackhead diseaseEntamoeba histolyticaHistomonasmeleagridisTrichomonas vaginalisTurkeys

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Molecular Pathogenesis
  • Microbial Virulence

Background:

  • Histomonas meleagridis causes blackhead disease in turkeys, a significant economic concern.
  • Understanding isolate variation and virulence factors is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the pathology and virulence factor expression of different Histomonas meleagridis isolates.
  • To investigate the role of cysteine proteinases (CPs) and superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) in H. meleagridis pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of gross lesion severity and weight gain in inoculated turkey poults.
  • Screening of a H. meleagridis cDNA library for virulence factors.
  • Real-time PCR analysis of CP and Fe-SOD gene expression in different isolates and under air exposure.

Main Results:

  • Isolates with higher cell passage numbers or from monocultures showed varied lesion severity and weight gain.
  • Forty-eight cysteine proteinases (CPs) and one Fe-SOD were identified.
  • CP2, CP3, and CP8 expression differed significantly among field isolates; high passage isolates had decreased CP expression.
  • Fe-SOD gene expression varied among isolates and responded to air exposure, decreasing initially then increasing.

Conclusions:

  • Histomonas meleagridis isolate characteristics influence pathology and virulence factor expression.
  • CPs and Fe-SOD are key factors in H. meleagridis tissue damage, invasion, and oxidative defense.
  • Further research into these virulence factors can elucidate pathogenetic mechanisms and inform disease management strategies.