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Disability Prevention Program Improves Life-Space and Falls Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Minhui Liu1,2, Qian-Li Xue3, Laura N Gitlin2,4

  • 1Central South University Xiangya School of Nursing, Changsha, China.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|September 20, 2020
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Summary

A home-based disability prevention program improved life-space and falls efficacy in low-income older adults. This intervention shows promise for promoting independent aging across various settings.

Keywords:
disabilityfalls efficacyinterventionlife-spacephysical independence

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Low-income older adults often face challenges with mobility and independence.
  • Home-based interventions can address disability prevention in aging populations.
  • Falls efficacy and life-space are crucial for maintaining independent living.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a home-based disability prevention program's impact on life-space and falls efficacy.
  • To assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for older adults with restricted daily activities.

Main Methods:

  • Single-blind, two-arm randomized controlled trial conducted in participants' homes.
  • Intervention included occupational therapy, nursing visits, and home modifications over 4 months.
  • Life-space and falls efficacy were measured at baseline and 5 months using validated scales.

Main Results:

  • Intervention group showed significant improvements in overall life-space (OR=2.15) and specific areas like bathrooms and stairs.
  • Participants reported an 11% improvement in falls efficacy for daily activities.
  • The program positively impacted mobility within and outside the home.

Conclusions:

  • A multicomponent, person-directed, home-based intervention effectively improved life-space and falls efficacy.
  • Findings support the translation of this program to diverse settings to promote aging in place.
  • Home-based disability prevention is a viable strategy for enhancing older adults' quality of life.